Contributions to the Yearbook of the Max Planck Society
2023
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Provision of enantiomers through coupling separation processes with enzymatic racemization
2023 Isabel Harriehausen, Jonathan Gänsch, Karyna Oliynyk, Katja Bettenbrock, Heike Lorenz und Andreas Seidel-MorgensternEnantiomers are pairs of chemical compounds, which behave as image and mirror-image. Due to the fact that the living world constitutes exclusively of the L-form of amino acids, enantiomers generate different effects in biological systems. For this reason there is a need in efficient methods to provide pure enantiomers. We report about the development of new processes.
2022
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Control and regulation of balance of cell growth and degradation
2022 Metehan Ilter, Eric Schulze-Niemand, Matthias Stein
Deubiquitinases are enzymes that regulate important signal transduction processes and protein degradation in the human organism. Mutations and dysregulation lead to an uncontrolled cell growth. Pathogens from bacteria and viruses are able to circumvent the human innate immune response system by mimicking the host’s intrinsic deubiquitinases. Computer simulations are able to reveal mechanistic details of these processes and provide insight into the structural dynamics of activation and function of deubiquitinase enzymes in pathogens and human.
2021
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Machine learning of dynamical systems
2021 Benner, Peter; Goyal, Pawan K.
We discuss the identification of nonlinear dynamical systems from data. Our approach is based on the symbiosis of operator inference and deep learning. Applications can be found, for example, in the design of digital twins in industry and technology.
2020
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Integrated material and process design with artificial intelligence
2020 Teng Zhou, Zhen Song, Steffen Linke, Zhiwen Qi, Kai Sundmacher, Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik komplexer technischer Systeme, Abteilung Prozesstechnik, Otto-von-Guericke Universität Magdeburg, Lehrstuhl Systemverfahrenstechnik, Max-Planck Partnergruppe, East China University of Science and Technology, ShanghaiA hybrid data-driven and mechanistic modeling approach is proposed for integrated material and process design. The method has been applied to a few example processes and substantial improvements on the process performance have been achieved.
2019
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Reliable diagnosis for fuel cells
2019 Vidaković-Koch, Tanja; Sorrentino, AntonioIn the age of electromobility, electrochemical energy converters such as fuel cells will play an increasingly important role in everyday life. On this point, diagnostic tools that can precisely determine the various fail states (flooding, drying out, catalyst degradation, poisoning, etc.) of these devices are becoming increasingly important. We report on a new experimental method for fuel cell diagnostics, based on frequency response analysis of concentration input and electrical output (current or cell potential), which can selectively distinguish between the different fail states.
2018
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Optimization and control of chemical separation processes
2018 Kienle, AchimPreparative chromatographic processes play an important role for the separation of complex mixtures. Recent research at the Max Planck Institute in Magdeburg aims at better understanding, systematic design as well as automatic control of these processes. Special focus in this contribution is on model based analysis of processes with implicit adsorption isotherms and a new self learning control concept for simulated moving bed processes.
2017
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Computer-aided design of microbial cell factories
2017 Steffen Klamt, Björn-Johannes Harder, Axel von KampA key principle for the rational design of cell factories is the stoichiometric coupling of growth and product synthesis, which makes production of the desired compound obligatory for growth. Using mathematical models and new computational algorithms, researchers at the Max Planck Institute in Magdeburg showed that coupling of growth and production is feasible under appropriate genetic interventions for almost all metabolites in five major production organisms. These results are of fundamental importance for rational metabolic engineering in biotechnology.
2016
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Development of a novel tubular bioreactor for continuous production of influenza virus vaccines
2016 Tapia, Felipe; Genzel, Yvonne; Reichl, UdoAn increasing world population and fast spread of old and new influenza virus strains demands more efficient vaccine production methods. One approach is the use of coupled continuous bioreactors. Unfortunately, accumulation of defective interfering particles (DIPs) leads to unstable virus yields. As an alternative we have designed a novel plug-flow tubular bioreactor system, providing high influenza virus titers for up to three weeks in continuous mode using suspension MDCK cells. This novel platform can be used for other viruses and help reduce vaccine manufacturing costs worldwide.
2015
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Iterative solvers for phase field models
2015 Stoll, MartinPhase field models are a crucial tool in the modeling of complex phenomena. In this context, simulation can help to avoid or reduce the number of costly experiments. For this it is necessary to work with efficient algorithms. Here, we describe iterative solvers that deal with the discretized differential equation models and thus allow for an accurate solution of the problems.
2014
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Coupling of continuous reaction and separation processes
2014 Horosanskaia, Elena; Horváth, Zoltán; Lee, Ju Weon; Lorenz, Heike; Seidel-Morgenstern, AndreasBulk chemicals are typically produced using processes, which supply the product stream in a continuous manner. In contrast, the production of fine chemical and pharmaceutical ingredients is characterized by batch-wise operation, connected with dead times, fluctuating product qualities and reduced productivity. This contribution summarizes selected results of several research projects devoted to promote continuous production processes.
2013
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Novel computational approaches to elucidate the topology of cellular signaling networks
2013 Klamt, SteffenDynamic processes in the cell are triggered and controlled by networks of interacting biomolecules, often comprising tens or hundreds of components. Although a vast amount of players (proteins, genes, metabolites) has been identified, their mutual interactions remain often hidden. Computational methods for reconstructing the topologies of cellular networks from experimental data are therefore a key research area in Systems Biology. The ARB group at the MPI in Magdeburg developed novel algorithms for biological network reconstruction and applied them successfully to realistic problems.
2012
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Better understanding of electrochemical processes using dynamics
2012 Krewer, UlrikeElectrochemical energy systems like fuel cells, batteries and electrolysis cells are attractive for future energy systems as they are highly energy efficient and can follow the dynamic demand of energy or can convert a dynamic oversupply of electricity gained from renewables into chemical energy. A deeper understanding of the complex processes at electrodes and in such cells can be reached when systematically applying dynamic electrochemical analysis methods. In addition, such methods may be used to detect the state of cells and electrodes or even to sense concentrations. -
Molecular complexity in chemistry and biology
2012 Stein, MatthiasOperations in chemistry and biology are based on complex interactions between molecules. The biological and chemical generation of hydrogen, one of the energy carriers of the future, by enzymes or catalysts at ambient temperature was investigated by applying various computational approaches. Nature-inspired chemical systems are necessary in order to reveal details of the enzymatic system. In molecular systems biology, the focus and the way of investigations shift and enable the understanding of interactions and kinetics of proteins in networks.
2011
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Compact models for simulation, control and optimization of complex dynamical systems
2011 Benner, PeterModel reduction significantly accelerates the computer simulation of dynamical systems. It facilitates or even enables their control and optimization. Thus, model reduction is becoming more and more an indispensable tool in computational sciences and engineering. The mathematical model of the dynamical process is replaced by a compact model. Simulating the compact model is then often sufficient to obtain the quantities of interest of the process. We will give a brief introduction into the model reduction of dynamical systems and illustrate its potential using some engineering applications.
2010
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Targeted drug delivery: Aggregation in particle-cell systems
2010 Rollié, Sascha; Sundmacher, KaiTo increase the efficiency of medication, carrier particles could soon deliver pharmaceutical substance exclusively to special target cells in an organism. For an understanding of these targeting processes model-based simulation studies are very helpful. The modeling of the biocolloidal systems is based on foundations from particle technology. Result: Despite substantial scattering of the experimental data, central parameters were identified. It was found that most drug targeting processes are rate limited due to the low receptor concentration on the surface of the target cells.
2009
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Control of fuel cell systems
2009 Mangold, Michael; Kienle, AchimFuel cells offer a highly efficient way to generate electrical energy. Therefore they may be an important element in a future energy supply structure. However, the operation and control of fuel cell systems is quite demanding. This contribution illustrates typical challenges for control of fuel cell systems in different power ranges and outlines solution approaches.
2008
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Generation of movement patterns for stroke patients by means of controlled electrical stimulation
2008 Schauer, Thomas; Raisch, JörgRehabilitation after stroke requires repetitive exercising of impaired movements to relearn lost motor functions. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) represents one possibility to generate movements in the presence of paresis. Using this method, paretic muscles are activated. This provides efficient stimuli for the central nervous system to enhance motoric facilitation. However, precise movements can only be realized by electrical stimulation if the latter is embedded into a feedback control loop, where the stimulation intensity is permanently adapted depending on the continuously measured state of the movement.
2007
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Influenza Virus Vaccine Production in disposable bioreactors
2007 Genzel, Yvonne; Reichl, UdoDiscussion on preparedness for a possible influenza pandemic is still ongoing. Authorities and public interest have now accelerated the development of alternative production systems to the classical egg-based production. New disposable bioreactors have been evaluated in the upstream processing group using different analytical tools comparing the influenza virus production with two different mammalian cells. These bioreactors show a potential for fast and simple up-scaling of production capacities in case of a pandemic.
2006
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Control of Cell Differentiation: New Methods to Explore the Structure and Function of a Molecular Network
2006 Marwan, WolfgangThe differentiation of eukaryotic cells is controled by a complex network of biochemical reactions. Genetically blocked nodes in this network can be reactivated by fusing complementing mutant cells while signaling events proceed. The regulatory structure of the network and the dynamics of the signaling processes can be analysed this way.
2005
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Crystallisation of enantiomers
2005 Elsner, Martin P.; Lorenz, Heike; Seidel-Morgenstern, AndreasPure enantiomers are of large interest in the pharmaceutical industry and for the production of fine chemicals. Chemical synthesis is frequently not selective and provides racemic (50:50) mixtures requiring subsequently efficient separation processes. A possible method to solve this difficult separation problem is offered by enantioselective crystallization processes. In the article the application of the so-called "Preferential Crystallisation" technique for resolution of racemates is discussed.
2004
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Dynamics of Population Balance Systems: Particle Precipition in Emulsions
2004 Niemann, Björn; Rauscher, Frank; Voigt, Andreas; Sundmacher, KaiThe liquid phase precipitation of solid particles in emulsion droplets allows the precise control of the particle properties. In particular, narrowly distributed nanoparticles can be synthesized whose size distribution and morphology can be controlled by adjusting the process parameters.
2003
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Nonlinear Wave Propagation in Chemical Processes
2003 Kienle, AchimThe dynamic behavior of many chemical processes is governed by travelling temperature and concentration fronts also termed nonlinear waves in Physics and Applied Mathematics. These nonlinear waves provide an easy understanding of the process dynamics and thereby guide the way to improved process operation and control as well as new process concepts. Recent research at the Max-Planck-Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems in Magdeburg is concerned with an extension of the theoretical fundamentals for combined reaction separation processes. Further, applications for model based measurment and control are investigated.